The body restabilizes the injured segment of the back. Over a long period of time, the patient will have back pain that comes and goes. The bone where the injury occurred becomes relatively unstable. Acute pain makes normal movement of the back difficult. Once a disc is injured, it cannot repair itself, and a spiral of degeneration can set in with three stages that appear to occur over 20 to 30 years: Unlike other tissues of the body, the disc has very low blood supply. If these proteins leak out to the nerves of the outer layer of the disc, they can cause a great deal of pain. This part of the disc contains proteins that can cause the tissues they touch to become swollen and tender. A soft, jellylike core, the nucleus pulposus. If the disc tears in this area, it can become quite painful. The outer portion of this layer contains nerves. 
A firm, tough outer layer, the anulus fibrosus.The discs are like shock absorbers between the bones of the spine and are designed to help the back stay flexible while resisting terrific forces in many different planes of motion. A wide range of symptoms and severity is associated with this condition. Not actually a disease, this is a condition in which a damaged disc causes pain.
Not everyone, however, will have degenerative disc disease. Nearly everyone's spinal discs show signs of wear as they age.
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